Making Of A Hero Tolkien s The Hobbit And The Monomyth

Making of a Hero: Tolkien’s The Hobbit and the Monomyth American mythologist, scholar, and author Joseph Campbell popularized the study of patterns within heroic narratives in his 1949 book, The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Campbell’s theory, born from a lifelong study of heroic myths and narratives from around the world, is that the hero’s journey inevitably follows a common pattern of experience. By describing the universal stages (i.e., elements of the hero’s journey/story) that transcend temporal and cultural differences, Campbell’s theory manifests itself as the literary blueprint for the heroic narrative. Campbell’s theory of the narrative structure of the hero’s journey can be applied to J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit. Tolkien’s†¦show more content†¦Some four, I should say by the sound† (Tolkien 10). Upon settling, the group then proceeded to discuss details of their pending journey. Gandalf volunteers Baggins to be the thief, one of the most lucrative positions wit hin the company, complimenting his advantageous proportions â€Å"Here is our little Bilbo Baggins, the burglar, the chosen and selected burglar. So now let s get on and make some plans (Tolkien 21). Baggins’s sudden call to adventure mimics the very definition of a hero’s call as mentioned in Campbell’s studies. Taking place in a familiar setting the protagonist, is then faced with a challenge such as a quest. Tolkien’s central figure is met at his home dwelling and is introduced to a world unfamiliar to his culture, a world of adventure. Baggins’s attempt to shy away from adventure embodied Campbell’s concept of archetypes in heroic narratives. Archetypes are often patterns of behavior shared amongst heroes, such as Baggins’s attempt to shy away from Gandalf’s adventurous offer. A refusal is often prompted out of fear. Being the timid Hobbit, Baggins was not too fond of the thought of the pending dangers lurking in the unknown. So, he invites Gandalf to tea instead: â€Å"Sorry! I do not want any adventures, thank you† (Tolkien 7). Introducing the second element of the hero’s journey, the â€Å"refusal of the call†, this often consists of the protagonist succumbing to his fears promptingShow MoreRelatedMythological Archetypes2077 Words   |  9 PagesMythological archetypes are the elements of which myths develop. A Scheme according to which a model of myth is collected from an archetypal constructor is universal and is called monomyth.(reference) But as actors change in different mythological histories, circumstances, then the variety of details of narration became very bright and can be seen instantly, and the similarity of the canvas remains unnoticed. According to Jung, the archetypes evolved in the course of evolution like internal organs

Ancient Historians Sparta. Free Essays

Ancient historians reveal that Spartan society was something to be envied. (DISAGREE). Many ancient historians can agree that the Sparta, was an overall strong, well disciplined, sound governed, equal society, with hard working citizens and incredibly structured military forces. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Historians: Sparta. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some ancient historians, such as Thucydide and Plato, admired many aspects of the Spartans good order, and praised how well the Spartans system appeared to be working, whilst other historians, such as Aristotle, were extremely crucial of the Spartan system, and criticised their structure in many of their individual writings. Many claim Spartans system of government included monarchical, and democratic components,although it is acknowledged as being primarily oligarchy. The government structure consisted of, two kings, and unlike most kings, these two did not have absolute power as they shared the power with each other and they also had to answer to a council of elders, or the Gerousia. The Gerouisa was made up of 28 male citizens, all over the age of sixty, who once elected served for live. Below the Gerousia, was another assembly, the Apella. The Apella consisted of male citizens over the age of thirty. To complete the system of checks and balances, the Spartans created a judicial position called  ephor. At any given time, there were five citizens serving in this role. Ephors were citizens over the age of thirty. They were elected to serve one-year terms. Ephors possessed considerable clout. An ephor could bring charges against anyone in Sparta—including one the city-state’s kings. Whilst some historians believed this government system to be efficient, and a sure way to keep matters, and laws fair through-out Sparta, Aristotle disagreed with one judicial position in particular, the Euphors. On them he said ‘The Lacedaemonian constitution is defective in another point; I mean the Ephoralty. This magistracy has authority in the highest matters, but the Ephors are chosen from the whole people, and so the office is apt to fall into the hands of very poor men, who, being badly off, are open to bribes. Aristotle believed that electing men, of no status whatsoever, and giving them such a high state of power was unwise, as a man of no status would be more prone to corruption, including the accepting of bribes. He then states ‘There have been many examples at Sparta of this evil in former times; and quite recently, in the matter of the Andrians, certain of the Ephors who were bribed did their best to ruin the state’ Thus proving his above point, that the Ephors were more likely to be bribed, for their own wealthfare. Throughout majority of Greece, wives were acquired strictly for the production of legitimate heirs, providing food and were used for sexual pleasure. Husbands dominated and demeaned the women, and treated them as objects. Both wives and daughters of any citizen were excluded from all public and intellectual activities, they were kept inside and weren’t allowed to participate in leisure activities , receive an education, or eat as well as their brothers or husbands. Women could not inherit or own any land, and it was considered unwise to educate them. This wasn’t the case with women in Sparta, although they still had arranged marriages, they did not have the right to vote, and were honored most for their production of strong sons, the women still enjoyed status and rights that were exceptional in those times and were considered a scandal to the rest of the essentially misogynous ancient world. Aristotle, from rival Athens, seems to complain about the Spartan society throughout his writings. He is extremely critical of the Spartan system, especially of their emancipated women. â€Å"The license of the Lacedaemonian women defeats the intention of the Spartan constitution, and is adverse to the happiness of the state. † – Aristotle, [On the Lacedaemonian Constitution] In this statement, Aristotle believes that by making woman emancipated, this disadvantages men and gives women an opportunity to take advantage of the men, by manipulating and controlling them. . How to cite Ancient Historians: Sparta., Essay examples

Nazis in Power free essay sample

Hitler’s Nazi party enjoyed widespread popularity among the German people between 1933 and 1939 as a result of their domestic policies. Through the economy, the biggest factor in support of reducing mass unemployment, they introduced the KDF, Strength through Joy this allowed Germans to enjoy paid holidays and concerts. They also helped reinforce law and order, ensuring there were no street battles in Nazi Germany. Germans appreciated this as it was fresh and strict following the previous weak Weimar Government. The Nazis had youth policies which were appealing to the parents and children as they encouraged the likes of camping and sports. These factors were the main reasons that the Nazis had great popularity as they related to many German citizens. However, there were also serious concerns of coercion being used to enforce German peoples’ acceptance. They brought around the totalitarian state which was to Nazify the country; this meant that everyone was mainly completely controlled by the Nazis. Also, Anti-Semitism focused on the races and religions that Nazis did not believe as pure. The Jews were targeted and eventually stripped of their German citizenship. In addition, women were also discriminated against as the Nazis felt that they should have a lesser role than men, and if they had any disability or disorder they should not be allowed to have children. Nazi Germany was a totalitarian state in which all means of protest or dissent were blocked. However, despite this, the Nazis enjoyed great popularity throughout Germany, as they had associated with so many Germans and seemed extremely similar to the thoughts of the citizens. However, although many accepted the Nazi ways, many more were afraid to speak out at Nazi excesses, so there was coercion used as the party were very threatening and had many policies which would destroy anyone who did not follow the Nazi rules. The Nazi party received a great deal of support for the economic policies which set out to do things Weimar could not. When the Nazis were in power they managed to put people back to work and the unemployment figures fell rapidly from 26% in 1933 to below 1% in 1939. These figures were impressive and German people supported the Nazis for being able to lower unemployment. The German labour front forced people into jobs and created new jobs by forcing people like Jews and woman, who were not included in unemployment figures, out of their jobs. Hitler also gained popularity by giving people an incentive to work. The KDF, strength through joy organization offered people rewards such as paid holidays, holiday camps and the people’s car if they were loyal workers. This had huge support and although people were now working longer hours for less money they didn’t mind as they were getting things they never would have has the chance to have before such as the Volkswagen car. This shows that people did appreciate Hitler’s economic policies as he gave incentives and dropped unemployment figures. Due to the Weimar government, law and order had pretty much broken down and riots had started and the Reichstag fire had happened. Hitler made this a first priority and stopped it in order to restore law and order. In order to ensure law and order, Hitler created the apparatus of a police state. The SS was the state’s internal security service and its purpose was to root out all opposition, real or imaginary. They wore threatening black uniforms and people were frightened of the SS. The Gestapo was the secret police and acted on suspicion in order to take out any anti-socials. These police made many German people nervous and this lost some support of the Nazis as people missed their freedom and did not like being controlled. However it still did gain some support as people disliked the breakdown of law and order in Weimar and so were prepared to accept the totalitarian state that concentrated on removing undesirables who most Germans disapproved of anyway. The Nazis also had very strict youth policies in Germany. Their aim was to turn boys into soldiers and girls into housewives and mothers. From 1933, parents were encouraged to enrol their children in the youth policies but by 1939 it was compulsory. Boys took part in activities such as shooting and camping, designed to toughen them up into good German soldiers. By 1936 60% of boys were enrolled in some kind of youth activity. Girls were toughs to go by the slogan of the 3K’s: Kinder, Kirche and Kurche, meaning children, church and kitchen. German people supported these ideas and youth policies as parents liked their children to be disciplined and it also gave incentives such as free uniforms for poorer children so they could be clean and look smart, also free holidays for poorer kids too. However the youth policies did not always enjoy widespread popularity as people did accept these policies at first but as they became compulsory in 1939 people were not so willing. Some young Germans even rebelled and formed their own gangs. If the Nazis caught these youths the punishments were harsh. The most famous was the White Rose movement, the leader of the movement Sophie Scholl was hanged for rebelling. Although at the beginning many youths and parents did support these policies, especially poorer families, by the time it was compulsory parents were worried about their children being brainwashed and began to rebel. While the Nazis were in power Germany became a totalitarian state, every aspect of people’s lives were controlled and regulated by state. Things such as employment, education, youth and even your leisure time was controlled, it was said the only freedom German’s had was their sleep. Hitler took over things such as Trade Unions and on the 2nd of May 1935 the trade unions were abolished and the Nazi Labour Front took over. This was the beginning of the forced co-ordination in Germany. On the 14th of July 1935 Hitler banned all political parties aside from the Nazis and developed the creation of a one party state so that there were no further elections. Newspapers that were critical of the Nazis were shut down and Hitler supplied every German with a radio so they could hear the Fuhrer. Speakers were put up on street corners so no one could avoid messages and state messages from the Fuhrer were compulsory. Police states like the SS and the Gestapo were ordered to eliminate all opponents and the concentration camps were set to be a symbol of terror. Although some Germans did accept and agree with these policies as it got them out of the mess from Weimar, German people were terrified and even law abiding citizens became frightened to speak. People missed their freedom and widespread popularity across Germany for the Nazis disappeared as they took over people’s lives. The Nazis had very traditional domestic policies when it came to women. They felt that woman should have an important but subsequent role to men. Married woman in Germany got sacked from their jobs to make way for men as it was felt their husband could look after them. This infuriated a lot of German woman as they enjoyed their work. Marriage loans were also given to encourage women into marrying and to bear children. For each child a woman had, a quarter of their loan was paid off. Women were also forbidden to marry non-Aryan men and those who were already married had their marriages cancelled. Also in Nazi Germany a woman was not allowed to have a child if she had learning difficulties, or suffered from depression or was an alcoholic, nearly 225,000 women were forcibly sterilized due to these circumstances. Mary Fulbrock states that â€Å"Hitler’s views on woman, which now would appear extraordinarily sexist, where at the time fairly representative†. This quote is showing that although these policies were harsh, many women did support the traditional ideas that Hitler brought about. Nevertheless, many women did feel very restricted in Nazi Germany and they had no ambitions in life other than being a wife and mother, causing their support for the Nazis to fade. The Nazis policies on anti-Semitism were very strong and for most people the Nazi dictatorship is linked forever to the persecution of the Jews and the anti-Semitism of the state was a factor in its popularity with many Germans. When the Nazis took over at first the harassment was petty and low level. Germans were forced to boycott Jewish shops, windows of Jewish shops were smashed, Jews had yellow park benches and they were not allowed to sit down on trains or buses. However, in 1935 the Nuremburg laws were introduced and harassment became more serious. These Nazis race laws meant that Jews were no longer citizens in Germany and could not be elected or vote, Marriages were cancelled and people were not allowed to work for Jews. Then by 1938 in relation to the death of a German diplomat by a Jew the Nazi leader Goebbels organized nationwide violence against Jews. 10,000 Jewish shops were destroyed, synagogues burned down and at least 90 Jews murdered. Although these laws were horrific, many Germans hated the Jews as much as Hitler and his domestic policies to destroy them made a lot of German people support him more. People saw Jews as anti-socials and liked the fact that Hitler’s policies on anti-Semitism were destroying them. To conclude, in general many German people did support the domestic policies of Hitler and a lot of his ideas managed to enjoy a widespread popularity between 1933 and 1939. People loved that his economic policies were getting unemployment figures down and they liked the incentives he offered for loyal workers. Germans liked that they didn’t have to fear law and order being destroyed again, as Hitler had restored it. They also enjoyed how the youth policies gave them disciplined children and that the Nazis had traditional views and ideas in the way Germany was run. Nevertheless, many of Hitler’s domestic policies caused resentment and a number Germans did not support his ideas. People disliked that their children were being brainwashed and that they had a severe lack of freedom now. Germans were living in fear and they did not support Hitler’s policies due to this. Therefore, despite his incentives and the many people who did show his widespread popularity, there were still a lot of Germans who did not support the Hitler and the Nazi party.

The Importance and Struggles of the Black Studies Movement Sample Essay Example For Students

The Importance and Struggles of the Black Studies Movement Sample Essay The development of African American Studies or Black Studies provides an interesting and important facet to the history of the battles of black work forces and adult females. As a multidisciplinary academic concentration. it serves to analyse the history. political relations. and civilization of African-based societies and communities. This comparatively new survey has encountered an mixture of challenges within and outside of its educational premises. The trouble in ramifying and pull offing this field is populating cogent evidence of the on-going black motion. These concerns should be made cognizant to convey about solutions to advance the importance of this interdisciplinary country of research. Before explicating the modern-day issues and possible solutions refering the instruction of Black Studies. it is indispensable to show a little overview of the history of how black surveies came approximately. The earliest grounds of African American Studies was promoted by a determined wh ite group of Quaker pedagogues during the 17th century. In fact. they even created a well-developed. durable school specifically for inkinesss to learn them â€Å"to be capable of dispatching the responsibilities of equal and entire citizenship† ( Crouchett. 189 ) . We will write a custom essay on The Importance and Struggles of the Black Studies Movement Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As stated in a reading called the â€Å"Early Black Studies Movements† by Lawrence Crouchett. black surveies were taught through the visions of Religious society of friendss who promoted the thought of â€Å"teaching black common people about their history. civilization. and contributions† ( 190 ) . In add-on to these structured instructions. the initial African Americans. which included free inkinesss and slaves. besides attempted to distribute cognition ; nevertheless. most of their early methods were less formal and was sometimes carried through word-of-mouth. The ground why these early black sermonizers in secret taught other black folks about African history could be because of how traditional African societies viewed the construct of history. In the article by Gaglo. he stated that harmonizing to traditional African societies. they believed that â€Å"history played a changeless function in their lives† and it was â€Å"not something that was compartmental ized and academicized† unlike the European and American civilizations ( Gaglo. 606 ) . History was. in other words. non an â€Å"abstract concept† ( 606 ) . Yet. despite these Black Studies advocates’ combined attempts. these crude establishments were frowned upon and were even prohibited from farther operation. Traveling past the centuries of captivity to the disruptive sixtiess. a myriad of extremist motions for women’s rights. labour rights. and civil rights began to occupy America. The originating series of actions forcing for a Black Studies curriculum began in Berkeley at the University of California ( Taylor. 256 ) . Within the same article. Taylor explained the great lengths the Berkeley pupils went to hold their voice and desires fulfilled. Dependent on Nathan Hare. a sociology professor at San Francisco State University. the pupils used his composing â€Å"A Conceptual Proposal for Black Studies† to demand the right to hold Black Studies as an available plan on campus ( 256 ) . In the professor’s papers. he defended the Black Studies motion. because he believed it was morally right to supply the blac k pupils â€Å"relevant education† ( Taylor. 257 ) . Another group that was one of the chief advocates of Black Studies was the Black Students Union who focused on the demand for â€Å"blackness† on white-dominating campuses ( Crouchett. 199 ) . Soon. there are several establishments which have Black Studies plans like Yale. Duke. Harvard. UCLA. and UC-Berkeley ( 199 ) . As was explained. the rectification of a Black Studies plans was a long battle. Due to the dogged control of a white supremacist state. the development of Black Studies is still being hindered ( Dagbovie. 605 ) . Scholars and pupils analyzing this field have recognized jobs with acquisition and learning the focal point on African American civilization and history. The primary obstructions are caused by administrative issues ( Phillips. 273 ) . Administrative issues involve fiscal grounds and non-passionate module who chose to learn the subject merely because there is a little sum of Black Studies experts. In fact. there has been a lessening in black bookmans over a span of 30 old ages ( Phillips. 273 ) . From 1940 and 1960. black pedagogues and leaders seemed to lose the thrust to advance Negro history and literature ( Crochett. 198 ) . Missing proper suppor t. Black Studies plans were non able to â€Å"hire and allow term of office to staff members† and. hence. flourish ( 273 ) . .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 , .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .postImageUrl , .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 , .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155:hover , .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155:visited , .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155:active { border:0!important; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155:active , .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155 .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd0713d8b954718f2fb540e6410f3155:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Recycling EssayPeoples hired for Black Studies normally worked in between multiple humanistic disciplines or societal sections and plans. which. as Phillips puts it. unluckily. causes Black Studies to be â€Å"often compromised† for pupils analyzing this field ( 273 ) . In add-on. there is still an air of racism and â€Å"lack of respect† given to this country of research due to its â€Å"questionable legitimacy† ( 273 ) . Even though there are high Numberss of staff members. there are many persons who display a general apathy towards the subject. Many of them have faced occupation application rejections to the more popular Fieldss of survey and. as a consequence. have resorted to Black Studies as a backup program ( Phillips. 273 ) . As some solutions to the administrative issues. it is urged to hold an increased consciousness of the importance of Black Studies. As a suggestion. before a Black Studies plan is erected on a campus. there should be a solid foundation of prepared and enthusiastic module. Those non straight involved with Black Studies. if they wanted to learn this subject. must hold a thorough and basic apprehension. As for the support issues. there should be an equal split of attending to suit all countries of survey in the humanistic disciplines and societal colleges. This survey is of import in that is provides interdisciplinary point of views in the general history of America. This focal point arose to compensate the analysis antecedently dominated in a white domination context. In add-on. it served as manner to educate others about racial favoritism and equality. However. despite its instructions. the subject continues to be regarded as non â€Å"important enough† . This has been displayed through the deficiency of funding the Black Studies have received and the deficiency of high-quality pedagogues in the field of survey. In response. bing Black Studies plans should work together to advance the consciousness and importance of holding such subject. Plants Cited Crouchett. Lawrence. â€Å"Early Black Studies Movements. † Journal of Black Studies 2. 2 ( 1971 ) : 189-200. Print.Dagbovie. Pero G. â€Å"History as a Core Subject Area of African American Studies: Self-Taught and Self-proclaimed African American Historians. 1960s-1980s. † Journal of Black Studies 37. 5 ( 2007 ) : 602-629. Print. Phillips. Mary. â€Å"Black Studies: Challenges and Critical Debates. † Western Journal of Black Studies 34. 2 ( 2010 ) : 273-278. Print.Taylor. Ula. â€Å"Origins of Black Studies at UC-Berkeley† . Journal of WesternBlack Studies 34:2 ( 2010 ) : 256. Print.

Stock

Stock Starting a new business venture is never easy; there are a plenty of new issues to address, obstacles to overcome, challenges to face and rivals to compete with. Among the problems that occur most frequently, the case of stock-out must be mentioned. Running out of a specific commodity, especially a crucial one, often becomes a point at which the leader of a company starts panicking, which makes the matters even worse.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Stock-Outs and Their Impact on the Company’s Progress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, with a well thought-out plan in mind, even the case of a stock-out can be solved efficiently, as long as the company leader develops an efficient backup plan and adopts an appropriate leadership strategy. Although the Stone Horse Supply Company is clearly facing a small crisis now, after several steps have been undertaken, the current issues are likely to be resolved. I nventory control must be one of the hardest aspects of running a company. Being the key means to run a business, inventory is used for a number of purposes, ranging from preventing stock-outs to providing proper accounting process. It is worth mentioning that, as a rule, an average company spends 45% to 90% of its total expenses on conducting a tight inventory control (Mandel Semenov, 2008). However, the situation can be reversed; stock-outs can be used as a means to control inventory. Once a stock-out takes place, the amount of money typically spent on inventory shrinks to a much lower amount of money; therefore, stock-outs affect the choice and application of inventory to a considerable extent. However, to create a situation in which a stock-out can possibly occur, it is necessary to analyze the target market and its customers, understanding their needs and basic demands to be able to create a stock-out and use it for the benefit of the company. To leverage stock-outs fast and ef ficiently, a company must learn how to capture extra demand and use the acquired knowledge for the benefit of the firm (Onwukwe Isaac, 2011). Hence, it can be concluded that the increasing demand for stock-outs is actually the situation when one of the retailers has a surge of customers due to the stock-out situation occurring in the company of another retailer. Therefore, it would be logical to suggest that the demand for stock-outs increases when the specified market is flooded with the companies offering the same services and when the product availability reaches its peak. In the light of the above-mentioned, it would be reasonable to suggest that by measuring the specified product’s availability, one can control the latter, therefore, avoiding the instances when companies have to close down due to the lack of customers. Three basic ways of measuring product availability are commonly distinguished.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Classified according to the type of an indicator, which is used for the process of measurement, the given methods seem quite trustworthy and, thus, have to be used by entrepreneurships to avoid possible crises. PEPFAR, or direct, indicators, allow to run a series of tests to check whether the provided goods meet the established standards. After calculating the number of tests, one can figure out whether the result if worth trusting. The GRAF, or global fund indicators, in their turn, help figure out whether the attempts to broaden the goods distribution have been successful enough. Finally, product fill rate, which provides the means to assess the chances of product being supplied from an available inventory, should be mentioned. Moreover, it is important to take account of the factors that affect product availability, such as the number of companies providing the given product, the demand rates and the a vailability of resources (Chandani et al., 2012). In fact, the Stone Horse Supply is not the only company with problems concerning stock-outs; PG has also faced a similar issue recently (PG has better news on stock-outs, 2004). However, with the help of a CDSN initiative, Procter Gamble still manages to stay afloat. For the Stone Horse Supply, it can be advised that the company leaders should consider its key assets. Comparing the latter to the ones of the rivals, the company should offer the target market the services of higher quality compared to the ones of the rivals. Thus, it is worth focusing on the research of the target market, the rivals and the ways to improve the quality of the goods. It must be admitted that the Stone Horse Supply is facing a crisis at the moment; in addition, the crisis is rather severe for an organization that has only started its growth and has not expanded to the size of a medium company yet. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that such rises can be viewed as a kind of tests. Once a company manages to overcome the crisis by pulling itself together and applying the methods required to solve the problem, it can be considered that the given company has proven its right to exist in the specified market and even expand.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Stock-Outs and Their Impact on the Company’s Progress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unless the company takes the test successfully, however, it is clear that it lacks a certain element badly, whether the given element is related to the financial, managerial or organizational field. Though the need to have strong support is obvious, the specified situation can be viewed as a test for the Stone Horse Supply to pass to become successful in the chosen field. Reference List Chandani, Y. et al. (2012). Factors affecting availability of essential medicines among community health workers in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Rwanda: Solving the last mile puzzle. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 120–126. Web. Mandel, A. Semenov, D. (2008). Adaptive algorithms to estimate parameters of the optimal policies of inventory control under limited stock-out. Automation and Remote Control, 69(6), 1012–1022. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Onwukwe, C. E. Isaac, I. O. (2011). On modeling the volatility of Nigerian stock returns using GARCH models. Journal of Mathematical research 3(4), 31–43. PG has better news on stock-outs (2004). Web.

Bromination of Acetanilide

The objective of this experiment was to use melting point and NMR to determine which of two isomers, ortho or para, would most likely form after brominating Acetanilide through electrophilic aromatic substitution. Procedure/Observations: 1. Weigh out ~280 mg of acetanilide in a 10 mL r. b. flask with a stir bar. 2. Then, add 2. 0 mL of glacial acetic acid using a calibrated Pasteur pipet. 3. Stir the mixture until all of the acetanilide has dissolved. It may be necessary to add more acetic acid dropwise until full dissolution has occured. In the fume hood, add 0. 6 mL of 4. 1 M bromine solution in acetic acid. 5. Cap the round bottom flask before returning to the bench. 6. For 15-20 minutes, stir the reaction mixture at room temperature so that the reddish-orange coloration will fade and a solid precipitate will form. 7. Return to the hood and add a few more drops of the bromine solution in the hood if all the coloration fades. 8. Once the reaction is complete, return to the hood. 9. Transfer the mixture to a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 10 mL of water. 10. Rinse the reaction flask out using another 5. 0 mL of water. 11. Using a Pasteur pipet, add 30% sodium thiosulfate dropwise while swirling until the bromine coloration is no longer visible. 12. Return to the bench to complete the final work-up. 13. Cool the reacting mixture in an ice bath. 14. Collect the solid precipitate using a Hirsch funnel through vacuum filtration. 15. Wash with ice cold water to complete the transfer. If the crude product is yellow, disconnect the vacuum, add a few drops of the sodium thiosulfate solution, then reconnect the vacuum. Follow with 1 or 2 washings of ice cold water. 17. Dry the crude product 5-10 minutes using the vacuum. 18. Recrystallize the crude product using an ethanol/water mixed solvent combination. Be sure to dissolve the crude product in the minimal volume of hot ethanol with swirling. 19. Add water dropwise until a cloud point is reached. 20. Rewarm the solution until it is clear again. 21. Allow the solution to cool until crystals form before icing. 22. On a Hirsch funnel under vacuum using cold water washings collect the crystals. Continue the vacuum for 5-10 minutes to dry. 8. Find the final weight and calculate the yield. 9. Find the melting point of the product, then obtain the 1H NMR of the product in CDCl3. Overall Reaction: Mechanisms: Stoichiometric Table: CompoundMolar Mass (g/mol)Density (g/mL)mg or mLMmolMolar equiv. Acetanilide (Limiting Reagent)135. 171. 22333. 0 mg2. 46 1. 00 Bromine soln. 159. 803. 1190. 6 mL24. 610. 0 Glacial Acetic acid60. 051. 0492 mL34. 914. 2 Calculations 1) Moles of Acetanilide Used = 0. 333g/135. 17g/mol *1000 = 2.46mmol. Moles of Bromine Solution Used = 4. 1M * 0. 0006L = 24. 6mmol 3) Moles of Glacial Acetic Acid Used = 1. 049g/ml * 2. 00ml * 1mol/60. 05g/mol = 34. 9mmol 4) Molar equivalent of Bromine soln. = 24. 6 mmol / 2. 46mmol = 10. 0 5) Molar equivalent of Glacial Acetic Acid = 34. 9mmol / 2. 46mmol = 14. 2 6) Theoretical Yield of Product = 214. 07g/mol * 0. 00246mol = 0. 527g 7) Crude yield of product = 0. 1471g 8) Actual Yield of Product = 0. 0912g 9) Percent recovery from recrystallization = 0. 0912g/0. 1471g * 100 = 61. Percent yield = 0. 0912g/0. 527g * 100 = 17. 3% Results: Theoretical Yield of Product: 0. 527g Actual Yield of product: 0. 0912g Percent yield from recrystallization: 61. 9% Percent Yield of Product: 17. 3% Literature Melting Point Range: 166-170Â °C Experimental Melting Point Range: 165. 5-166. 5Â °C NMR Data: Shift (ppm)SignalIntegrationAssignment 7. 382-7. 434Multiplet 4 (2 for each aromatic proton-overlapping)Aromatic protons ortho and meta to the acetamido group 7. 260SingletProteolated SolventCDCl? impurities 2. 168Singlet3Methyl group

Making Marketing Plan (Marketing Class) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Making Marketing Plan (Marketing Class) - Essay Example JS has the lowest capitalization from among them. Explanations on the meaning of term have been derived from on line Free Dictionary by Farflex (FD) A lower ratio is "better" (cheaper) and a higher ratio is "worse" (expensive). A PEG ratio that gets close to 2 or higher is generally believed to be expensive, that is, the price paid appears to be too high relative to the estimated future growth in earnings. Its name comes from the fact that Operating Expenses do not include interest, taxes, depreciation or amortization. EBITDA is not a defined measure according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and thus can be calculated however a company wishes. It is also not a measure of cash flow. (FFD) P/E - Price-earnings ratio is â€Å"the multiple of earnings at which a stock sells†. It is calculated â€Å"by dividing current stock price by current earnings per share (adjusted for stock splits)†. (FD) The P/E ratio measures the amount that investors pay for a dollar of current

Schools for the Underprivileged Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Schools for the Underprivileged - Assignment Example Secondly, the school must serve as an example for the existing public schools in the region (Shabnam, 2010). The public school system in the US is struggling to give the most basic levels of knowledge. The educational method in the US is predominantly based on the memorization of content rather than an intellectual development of the students. There is little emphasis on gaining an in-depth understanding of the contents and an acquisition of practical knowledge. A majority of students in underprivileged regions of the US have spent five years or more in a public school. These students are unable to identify basic scientific concepts, even though, these concepts are taught in the school. Test scores of these students are often lower than 35% (equivalent to 7/20), and many students fail to final exams for passing to the next grade (Muda, 2014). The organization has been created with the objective to provide schooling for underprivileged children. The mission includes providing high-quality education in basic subjects such as mathematics, science, and arts with an emphasis on understanding and practice of newly acquired knowledge. The program objectives comprise of: - Involve children, parents, school staff, volunteers and the community in a common project that would impart a sense of civic service, morality and respect for the traditional culture in which they were raised. The need for this program arises from the inequality of the US educational system. There is a considerable amount of research literature available which indicates the high level of inequality in the educational system of the United States. Children who grow up in low socioeconomic areas are more at the risk of experiencing difficulties in school and to drop out later. According to Goos, Damme, Onghena, & Petry (2004), elimination of these inequalities requires a concerted effort.

Operational Logistics of Ikea Essay Example for Free

Operational Logistics of Ikea Essay 1. Introduction IKEA is a Swedish company which was founded in 1943 with its headquarter in Denmark. IKEA succeeded on its low cost strategy which is able to offer a wide range of stylish home furniture with good design and functional at competitive pricing. It carries a range of nearly 10,000 products and is well known across the world. IKEA is also recognized as a socially responsible and environmental friendly company. Currently, there are 287 IKEA stores in 26 countries. In year 2011, IKEA has gained the total sales of 25. 2 billion (in EUR). IKEA was also the first company in the world to realize the benefits of flat pack furniture in 1956. With this flat pack method its does not only help to save material, but is also saves the transportation costs with efficient distribution and warehouse storage space. Franchises are part of IKEA expansion plan. All the franchised are granted by Inter IKEA System B.V.The IKEA Group which has over 267 stores in 25 countries and franchisees outside IKEA Group in 16 other countries/territories. The Swedwood Group is part of IKEA Industry Group to manufacture and distributes wood and controls the entire value chain. Consisting of some 50 production units and offices in 10 countries across the continent. They are driven by their vision of achieving excellence in transforming wood into quality furniture and focused on continuous improvements in order to maintain competitiveness in the market. 2. IKEA Global Supply Chain IKEA is also recognized as a global strategic firm as most of the IKEA’s stores operations are under Ingka Holding BV which is located in the Netherlands. IKEA has an excellent supply chain management with the latest information technology system which is able to gather all the information across their worldwide retail stores, manufacturers, suppliers as well as the distribution centres. IKEA has adopted the integrated JDA software which has increased their overall supply chain visibility and efficiency. In this way, IKEA is able to have more forecasts planning for supplier, warehouse and transportation capacities. IKEA has a large number of suppliers of both furniture and furnishings across the world. IKEA plays an important part to build up good relationships with its suppliers as its helps to create a huge capacity for producing the product through the  worldwide suppliers. Today, IKEA operated more than 28 distribution centres and 11 customer distribution centres in 16 countries across the world. Its main function is to support stock replenishments program. As the location of production facilities focuses heavily on transportation costs, IKEA is able to efficiently distribute mass products with short lead times by concentrating manufacturing in large factories and in specific countries. 3. IKEA Franchising Franchises are part of the IKEA expansion plan. All the franchised are granted by Inter Ikea System B.V. The IKEA Group is the biggest group of franchisees which has over 267 stores in 25 countries. They also have some franchisees outside the IKEA Group in 16 countries. 3.1. IKEA United States IKEA store has one of its franchises in the United States. They own a total of 38 stores which are served by 10 distribution centres in North America. 3.2 E-Commerce on IKEA Atlanta IKEA is also adopting the Business-to-consumer (B2C) ebusiness model. It is an online retail store where customers can do the shopping at anywhere anytime. IKEA USA on-line shopping is also able to provide well-selected items which are similar to the promotional theme of â€Å"from living room to bedroom’ and etc. Customers are able to find suitably priced and stylish home furnishing solutions that suit their needs. This sales method mainly targets end-users. 4. NETWORK DESIGN IKEA has opened biggest logistics Distribution Centre (DC) in Shanghai for Asia-Pacific region, taking advantage on its geographical, government’s support and management. China is the biggest center of finance, economy, and business and shipping, therefore it is recognized as the most important hinge of logistics. In addition, the centre in Shanghai adopts Radio frequency identification (RFID) System that will greatly improve the responsive and quality service to the customer, providing logistics service platform that helps the expansion of the IKEA in Asia. As for Europe IKEA choose Dortmund in southern Germany to be a European distribution centre. It  is because it has geographical advantage at centre of the Europe where IKEA can use rail and road transport for transporting its goods. 4.1 IKEA Atlanta and the DC Savannah For the Distribution Centre in Port Wentworth, Georgia, located near the port Savannah, the products were processed where they should be stored based on the product specifications and demand. It is the primary inventory to IKEA stores in Alberta British Columbia, Utah, Oregon and Washington State. The facility can also supply to other stores across the country when needed. Location was chosen based on the fastest movers closest to the stores for replenishment. That not only improves service times, it also reduces transportation costs. The facility’s location allows it to quickly deliver fast-moving products to IKEA stores in local markets in the south-eastern United States, including North Carolina, Florida and Texas. In North America, DC was equipped with a 13-crane Automated storage and Retrieval (AS/RS) system (via store), featuring a 100 foot-tall high-bay in-house rack system. At full operation, the system can process 600 pallets an hour, or nearly one pallet per minute from each crane. IKEA Atlanta is one of the IKEA stores that are supported by IKEA’s Savannah Distribution Centre. Geographic area is the main reason that IKEA has the DC in Savannah. In terms of transportation, it only needs less than a 4 hours’ drive if goods are delivered by truck and it only takes about 1.3 days to reach Atlanta if delivered by rail. With this speedy transportation, IKEA Atlanta can achieve responsiveness in goods supply to customer for both in-store and online purchase. Unfortunately, there is limitation product from buying on line. Consumer may not able to get some of the needs product on line. 4.2 Savannah Transit time by rail truck 4.3 The Highway and Rail Network The Company is always constantly looked for ways to maximize in each transport. To achieve this goal, packaging was designed in such a manner as to fit the maximum possible products into containers. Plus all DC share similar objectives which is to have lower total cost and improve customer  service at the same time, using of advance technology to emphasis sorting and sequencing material processes, enhancing responsiveness to the customer. 5. OPERATIONS ANALYSIS IKEA’s company main concept is based on a three points: cheap, innovative and stylish. These three points are affecting the IKEA’s product design and development concept. Nowadays, IKEA’s in USA have launched with online retail or E-commerce. E-commerce has been become part of the IKEA’s digital strategy and should be the next big offering from IKEA. Every customer may easy online shopping without travel out, queue, purchases and collects their purchases from the stores. E-commerce or shopping online at IKEA is now become very convenient, enjoy and fun for every customer. Process or step to e-shop at IKEA as per following: 5.1 Operation logistics for E-commerce The whole process cycle take about 2 to 3 days depending on the customer order time. 1.The successful online order will transfer to IKEA Delivery Planning System. 2.Planning System will send the data to Savannah Distribution Center. 3.Savannah DC will do the order picking and packing. 4.Goods will be sending out to customer by Savannah DC team. 6. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IKEA’s in USA has run the business with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and provide the E-commerce applications. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) with E-commerce applications that enable IKEA’s easily to view the both interaction channel and profitable sales channel for consumers and business customers via internet. With CRM, IKEA’s can allow their customers with convenient self-services and a personalized Web experience. The E-commerce applications also helping IKEA’s in service operations and strengthens sales to reducing the customer service calls and transaction costs. Features and Functions of CRM of E-commerce processes: IKEA’s have use the latest technology to ensure all the personal information which customer submitted through the internet website such as credit card numbers, address and other information are under secure, stable and  reliable. IKEA’s have using the SSL technology which allows it to be transmitted securely over the internet without accessing to it by anyone else. Successful to secure the customer loyalty will achieve the company goal and target in the following: Increasing the customer online spending on IKEA product Can reducing marketing, advertising and communication cost Can reduces data and information maintenance cost by giving customers authorities to update personal details such as address details, contact number, email address and requirement on the IKEA website. To achieve the customer service and satisfaction, IKEA have set up the strategy in the following: Hire the right people Bring in the employees who have more experience on the customers’ skill and knowledge in order to develop the customer service focus such as to have better communication with customers, pleasant, motivated and cooperative. Also, can retain those customers that are desirable to keep. Provide orientation and training IKEA have provided the necessary training for each employee to maintain the customer services standards and also can improve on communication skills with the loyalty customers. Set the standard for customer service IKEA have set the clear standard for performance such as Enable Company to establish, monitor, and control quality. 7. Risk During development stage, thousands of tests were carried out on IKEA products each year. And more tests are conducted during production. Once a product is approved for production, IKEA will reviewed and decide whether additional risk assessment testing is required for any proposed changes to the product or to the production method. IKEA ensure that banned chemicals such as formaldehyde and phthalates don’t exceed their requirements. IKEA requires suppliers to order certified products testing by third party auditors. Likewise, IKEA has a third-party accredited test laboratory that  is certified each year by external auditors. Accused for Logging Ancient Trees in Russia Swedwood, whom IKEA’s fully owned production subsidiary which was founded in 1991, was found irresponsibly logging Russia’s ancient trees of over 300 years old. And as a whole, IKEA are under the heat internationally especially in the forestry industries. This has been a huge issue because natural grown trees take centuries to grow. And it’s these trees that has greater biodiversity and could stabilize the climate by locking carbon in the soil to reduce global warming. In their defence, IKEA forest manager, Anders Hildeman mentioned they have been working with the NGOs, and they have been working with the scientists to develop these inventory methods. Though there are old trees present, that do not mean that it’s high conservation value. Species, size of the area, exposition, position has to take into considerations to define them as High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF). Hildeman welcomes WWF’s (World Wide Fund of Nature) recommendations for a full certification control audit. And had invited FSC’s (Forest Stewardship Council) for a control audit from their accreditation body to avoid any doubts and that we are following the Russian FSC. 7.1 Sustainability Taking a leading role towards a low carbon society In support to reduce carbon dioxide emission, IKEA are working together with WWF to investigate on how to calculate climate-positive aspects from what they do together with their customers. Majority of carbon dioxide emissions related to IKEA come from material extraction, suppliers, customer transportation, and the use and disposal of products. And all these are areas that IKEA can only indirectly influence. In order to influence the society, IKEA has to put these into practice first. They are walking towards to installing photovoltaic (solar) panels to turn sunshine into electricity in around 150 stores and distribution centres over the next few years. The panels will provide these buildings with 10-25 percent of their electricity need. When they plan a new IKEA store, good public transport is an important consideration, and in many cities they offer free shuttle buses between the city centre and the store. IKEA Foundation contribution to UNICEF Since 2001, IKEA has taken part in basic social services to help children in underdeveloped and developing countries like India and Haiti. Contributing to UNICEF’s work through philanthropic donations, sales of UNICEF Greeting Cards and many more has been IKEA’s key of support for over 10 years. In addition to that, IKEA has committed more that $200 million both in cash and in-kind donations to UNICEF’s programs making them the largest corporate cash donor. What makes IKEA a true partner, is the company’s deep commitment to social responsibility and their direct engagement with issues affecting children. In addition to providing financial support for child protection, education and health programs, they work together to provide expertise and knowledge gained over the years on addressing labor issues in the supply chain. Forest Project with WWF for Nature WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) collaborate with external organizations in a number of forestry projects in order to contribute to the development of responsible forestry practices and policies. To date, there are 13 forest projects by IKEA and WWF. These projects aim to increase forest areas with responsible management practices, combat illegal logging, support forest certification and promote responsible timber trade. 8. Conclusion From the research we found, we notice that IKEA has a good strategy in sourcing from the raw material from suppliers to the location of distribution centre and store. Their strategy is also to keep their product in low pricing. Overall IKEA is still very success in the business with the  concept of keeping low price policy. From customer point of view, they are able to enjoy the stylish furniture and functional with low and suitably price. IKEA also success in managing the product quality, prices with supplier by maintaining the good relationship with their worldwide suppliers. We also notice that IKEA vision is â€Å"to create a better everyday life for the many people† which is hang on every store. Till today, IKEA is still continuing finding the effective way to further reducing the cost. 9. Implementation IKEA Singapore should consider implementing E-commerce instead of focusing on their in-store shopping business. There are 2 stores here in Singapore, in Alexandra Road (West) and Tampines (East). Poh Tiong Choon Logistics (PTC) was hired as their 3rd Party Logistics (3PL); they are located within IKEA at Alexandra. Other than transportation, PTC also provides installation services on behalf of IKEA. All necessary information; from product measurements, product descriptions, product amount and product comparisons has already made available in their website. In term of online payment Singapore is considered as the most secure country as IDA (Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore) which helps businesses to leverage ecommerce’s benefit where both businesses and consumers confident with the mark of TrustSg. Why customers should purchase online †¢Most of the IKEA’s products are consider bulky †¢Save traveling time †¢Save time from long queues for payment †¢Save time from long queues for taxi †¢Product measurements information made available online †¢Check for stock availability online

societhf Values of Society :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Values of Society Often in satire, writers will use the internal conflict of a character to symbolically criticize the values and morality of society. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses the main character of Huckleberry Finn and the conflict between his personality and social conscience to criticize society. In this clash between his deformed conscience and sound heart, his heart is victorious. This conflict reflects the major themes within this work of slavery, racism, and "civilized" society. With a thorough examination of this conflict and insight into these facets of Huck these facts become apparent to the reader. It is clear that throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck is a character bearing a deformed conscious. Huck's distorted sense of morals is a direct result of his dysfunctional upbringing. To better understand this let us first examine the background of Huck that Twain gives the reader. "The Widow Douglas she took me for her son" (1). An insightful reader can see from this that Huck is not receiving a mainstream childhood. Huck's father is a drunk, his mother is dead, and he is forced to live with a widowed woman and her self-righteous sister. Given such conditions it easy to see why Huck rejects the morals of a society that has rejected him in the sense that he is not protected from his father. Huck's distorted sense of morals is also a product of selectively accepting precepts that have been instilled into him based on his own intelligence. In a humorous passage Huck describes his feelings towards religion. "Then she [Miss Watson] told me all about the bad pla ce [hell], and I said I wished I was there...all I wanted was a change" (2). Clearly Huck misunderstands the tenants of Christianity yet his motives were not malicious. Huck was merely expressing his desire to free himself of his current situation. He sees beyond the values of a hypocritical society and chooses to follow his own path. These misunderstandings of, and weak feelings of responsibility toward his faith have a distorted impact on his conscience. In variance to the religious beliefs of Miss Watson are the morals of his father.

Question: How the concentration of acid (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)? Essay

How the concentration of acid (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)? Chemicals needed: 1- Phenolphthalein (color indicator). 2- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration of 0.5 molar. 3- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), with unknown concentration. Equipments needed: 1- Flask. 2- Pipette (uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cm3). 3- Burette (uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cm3). 4- PH meter. 5- Gloves, lab coat and plastic eye protection. Steps: 1- Add a known volume of HCl using pipette in the flask. 2- Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein in the flask using the pipette. 3- Shake the flask until the color changes to red. 4- Start to add NaOH on the HCl, drop by drop. 5- After each drop shake the flask to accomplish the mixing of the acid with the base. 6- Take readings of PH value using the PH meter, after each drop. 7- When HCl color turns to blue, immediately stop adding NaOH, this indicates the neutralization point. 8- To be sure that HCl is neutralized add few drops of NaOH on HCl. 9- Repeat the experiment to obtain more accurate data. Data collection and processing: The table below shows the values of PH recorded over the five trials and indicates the neutralization point at a specific volume of NaOH added: (1.0) table shows the data collected during the trials Below is the table produced after changing the volume of NaOH to the better measurable unit, also after adding the PH values for each volume added of NaOH then divide them by the number of trials to come out with the average PH value. (1.1) table showing the processed data Average PH value 0.0193 13.3 0.0194 13.4 0.0195 13.5 0.0196 13.5 0.0197 13.5 0.0198 13.5 0.0199 13.3 0.0200 07.3 0.0201 01.7 0.0202 01.5 0.0203 01.3 The graph below shows the graphical relationship between volume of NaOH added in dm^3 versus average PH value: As calculated at the neutralization point which is nearly equal to 7, the volume of NaOH added is approximately 0.0250 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (0.0000450) dm^3 To calculate the concentration of base, it is most desirable to use the equation below: Now substituting the concentration, also volume of the acid (HCl) and the volume added of the base (NaOH), then: 0.6 Molar Conclusion and evaluation:- Conclusion: – It is concluded that the concentration of HCl in the lab that all the trials occurred in is 0.6 Molar. – It is concluded that titration of acid using base must be repeated many times to accomplish more accurate results. Evaluation: – The usage of a digital PH meter may affect the accuracy of the data, as it produces systematic errors. – The volume of phenolphthalein may play a role on the volume of HCl in the flask. – Concentration of NaOH may not be exactly 0.5 molar as there might be impurities. – The PH value as shown from the data collected is changing at a high manner near to the neutralization point; therefore it is not easy to know the precise concentration of NaOH. – Calculating the PH value to indicate the rate of reaction, is not precise, because the PH has a logarithmic function not a linear function, then there will be a small change in the PH value while there will be big change of H+. Improvements: – Using a digital instrument to drop exactly 1.0 cm^3 in each drop. – Using a base with primary standard to titrate HCl may be more accurate to indicate the value of it is concentration. – Using a pipette with less uncertainty may help in improving the data collected. – Using a burette with less uncertainty can determine more accurate results.

A researcher strongly believes Essay

1.A researcher strongly believes that physicians tend to show female nurses less attention and respect than they show male nurses. she sets up an experimental study involving observations of health clinics in different conditions. In explaining the study to the physicians and nurses who will participate, what steps should the researcher take to eliminate experimental bias based on both experimenter expectations and participant expectations.? The first step should be to consider that using an experiment in clinical conditions is a bad idea. An ethnographic study might be a better approach. The next step should be to consider what is really being studied. Is the point of the study to determine how physicians treat female nurses when compared to male nurses, or is it to determine the degree of difference? Would the individual’s gender (both that of the doctor and that of the nurse) make a difference? The results of a study would not be valid without considering the possibility that it is gender, not sex, that makes the difference. If pressed to design this experiment, I would gain permission to do the observation (or experiment, if you prefer). Then I would ask the doctors and nurses involved to participate in training vignettes. I would film the vignettes so that my work could be triangulated by other researchers. I would have a research assistant play the role of a patient, but would not disclose to the doctor and nurse that this was not a real patient. I would ask the doctor(s) to film the training vignette, perhaps of the way to decide whether or not to order a particular type of test, twice. The first time they would be given a male or female nurse; the second time, the reverse. The videos would be observed by myself and a research diary kept, with my personal feelings about the vignettes and the participant’s actions recorded so that any bias could be accounted for later. I would write my conclusions about the individual’s behaviors. Then, I would have two other researchers do the same. The conclusions of the three researchers would be compared and if two of the researchers had the same opinion about the behaviors of the physician, that opinion would be recorded as the official observation. The outlier observation would be recorded and archived. If the time was available I would film each physician six times: with a masculine male nurse, with a feminine male nurse, with a masculine female nurse, with a feminine female nurse, and with an obviously transgender male and female. The repetitive nature of doing this could easily be explained by saying the â€Å"client† was not clear what they wanted yet. 2.In what ways is the â€Å"fight-or-flight response helpful to humans in emergency situations? The fight or flight response helps the individual who is in an emergency situation to get the â€Å"blood pumping† so that the body can effectively run, or fight. The heart rate goes up; the individual may sweat or develop goose bumps. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system governs flight or fight. Once the emergency is over – or perhaps, there never was an emergency, but the person believed there was – the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system takes over and helps calm the body down. The parasympathetic system stores energy for the next time it is needed in an emergency. The simplistic answer to this question is that fight or flight helps the human body prepare to survive. 3 Much research is being conducted on repairing faulty sensory organs through devices such as personal guidance systems and eyeglasses, among others. Do you think that researcher should attempt to improve normal sensory capabilities beyond their â€Å"natural† range (for example make human visual or audio capabilities more sensitive than normal)? What problems might this cause? This is both a question of science, and of ethics. We may be able to do something (even without unwanted side effects) but this does not mean we should. Once the capacity exists to better ourselves through technology, individuals who are in competitive situations will want this technology to make themselves more competitive. Perhaps a cochlear implant, for example, can be used not only for the non-hearing to hear, but to make the hearing have something resembling super-hearing, without being detectable by others. It is easy to foresee a situation where CEOs would want this implant to make  it possible to hear what members of the board are muttering, or that football players would want it so they can hear what the opposing quarterback is saying in the huddle. From a technical perspective, however, the human body is not comprised of stand-alone parts any more than a car or truck is. The body is put together in a system. The body’s parts are designed to work together in a particular way, much the same way that the carburetor, air filter, engine, spark plugs, and cooling system are designed to work together in a vehicle. The vehicle cannot work correctly if the driver of a 68 Mustang takes out the fuel pump designed for that vehicle and inserts one designed for a 2002 Humvee. The frame is not the same; the engine is not the same. Parts are not plug-and-play; they are not interchangeable. They have to be matched. In a car, trying to string together parts designed for a variety of vehicles will result in one of three outcomes: either the parts won’t work together as a whole, they will work together but badly, or they will work together and then blow out prematurely. The human body would be exactly the same. One size does not fit all.

Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Assignment The WritePass Journal

Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Assignment Abstract Theory and Practice of the European Convention on Human Rights Assignment ]. Burke-White, W. W. (2004) ‘Human Rights and National: Security: The Strategic Correlation’, Harvard Human Rights Journal, Volume 17, [Online] Available:Â   law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss17/burke-white.shtml [16 December 2013]. Chair, J. (2004) Torture: A Collection, Oxford University Press, Political Science. Chiesa, L. E. (2009) Beyond Torture: The Nemo Tenetur Principle in Borderline Cases, PACE Law Faculty Publications, PACE University, (2009), Available [Online] at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1642context=lawfaculty [16 December 2013]. Churcher, J. (2010) UK intelligence knew of terror suspects torture, The Independent UK, (24 November, 2009), [Online] Available: independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-intelligence-knew-of-terror-suspects-torture-1826634.html [16 December 2013]. Coughlin, C. (2010) Binyam Mohamed: choose human rights or Britain’s protection?, The Daily Telegraph, [Online] Available: telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/7206832/Binyam-Mohamed-choose-human-rights-or-Britains-protection.html [16 December 2013]. de Londras, F. (2010) ‘Human Rights Lexicon: Security v Rights and the Case of Binyam Mohamed’, Human Rights in Ireland, [Online] Available: humanrights.ie/index.php/2010/03/17/human-rights-lexicon-security-v-rights-and-the-case-of-binyam-mohamed/ [16 December 2013]. Herron, R. (2011) ‘Counter-Terrorism, Rights and the Rule of Law: How Far Have we Come Since Executive Detention?’ Human Rights in Ireland, [Online] Available: humanrights.ie/index.php/2011/09/07/counter-terrorism-rights-and-the-rule-of-law-how-far-have-we-come-since-executive-detention/ [16 December 2013].Human Rights Watch. (2010) Zambia: Police Brutality, Torture Rife, [Online] Available at: hrw.org/en/news/2010/09/03/zambia-police-brutality-torture-rife [16 December 2013]. IBN, Prevention of Torture Bill: Par panel to consider suggestions, (22 September, 2010), [Online] Available at:Â   http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/prevention-of-torture-bill-par-panel-to-consider-suggestions/343857.html [16 December 2013]. Johns, F. (2005) Guantanamo Bay and the Annihilation of the Exception, European Journal of International Law, EJIL 2005 16 (613), Issue 4. Kamau, E. (2006) The Police, The People, The Politics: Police Accountability in Tanzania, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, CHRI. Reidy, A. (2002) The Prohibition of Torture; A Guide to the Implementation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Human Rights Handbook, [Online] Available: coe.int/t/dgi/publications/hrhandbooks/HRHAND-06(2003)_en.pdf [14 December 2013]. Robson, G. (2010) ‘In the Balance’, Criminal Law Justice Weekly, Essential Resource for Professionals Serving the Criminal Courts Since 1837, Issue 14, (2010) 174 JPN 200. Salomon, S. E. (2007) Global Responsibility for Human Rights: World Poverty and the Development of International Law, OUP Oxford. Smith, R. (2009) ‘Columnist: Rights and Wrongs – Winning Hearts and Minds’, Law Society Gazette, (2009) LS Gaz, 19 Mar, 8, Issue 11, (19 March, 2009). Â   Spicer, R. (2007) No Torture; no debate, New Law Journal, 157 NLJ 1761, Issue 7301. Woodward, P. (2010) ‘America’s National Security Protection Racket’ War in Context, [Online] Available: http://warincontext.org/2010/07/19/americas-national-security-protection-racket/ accessed [16 December 2013].

The management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The management report - Essay Example They must have the greatest leverage on both time and costs and for the case study; the report explores the manner in which Zara appreciates both of these to their success. The report explores the ways in which Zara utilizes these three pillars of its operations to a resounding success; (Tolga 2010, p.63, Peters 2011, p.8) posit that short lead time, lower quantities and a greater variety. The short lead time philosophy adopted by the company has aided the firm to churn out more fashionable clothes. Lower quantities of production often leads to more supply while greater variety of styles leads to more choice and more frequency of determining customer needs. The report will finally consider company A, an apparels company which does not manufacture, but operating in the high end of the city’s prime located district. The report will offer the management of the store a variety of recommendations which are in tandem with the reports results from the analysis of Zara Company. Zaraâ €™s Critical Success factors According to Barnes and Lea-greenwood (2006) flexibility in both design and production ultimately determines the success of a company especially in the fast paced fashion world. This report has identified and explored critical success factors relating to the organizational, technological and managerial impetus that have contributed to the effectiveness and success of the firm within the confines of the case study given. The company employed a number of strategies that catapulted it to success, enabling it to overtake other firms to be the leading apparels maker in the world, although under the banner of the parent company. Organizational Factors Zara operates on strategic organization; the company has enhanced communication flow from production to retail. The designers receive feedback from those operating the stores regarding customer tastes and preferences regarding clothes, the colors and etc. Zara focuses in its internal market having control in nearly every stages of the product flow, management theorist refer to such behaviour as internalization theory. When they expanded into foreign market, Zara still maintain its internal aspect and does not follow the typical trend of other competitors. Zara’s in-house business model enables overcoming the market imperfection better (Vrijhoef 2011, p.196).   Zara protects all know-how within the firm from design to ready item since it keeps all production in-house. From the case study one can gather that the business structure adopted by Zara tends to be more closely controlled, and that the firm pays keen attention by having the various business elements in close proximity to each other, around its head quarters in La Coruna, Spain. Unlike the competitors, Zara does not outsource for production from overseas countries that offer cheap labor, where majority of its competitors have pitched camp to take advantage of the low costs. The company closely controls most of its operat ions from the head office in Spain, including production and retail. For example, Zara procures most of its dyes from one of the subsidiaries of the parent company. This is a vertically integrated business s structure; through town his structure, the company has been able to offer their customers products at affordable prices and control

Summary for a two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Summary for a two articles - Essay Example The article being reviewed by DeHoog emphasizes upon the core issues, values, market management strategies and policies related with the management of public service contracts (p.66). In this concise commentary DeHoog has mentioned the weaknesses and strengths of the authors’ points being presented in the article. He has thoroughly reviewed the issues being discussed by the authors and their approaches to discuss those issues. The critic appreciates certain elements of the article under observation (for example, the comprehensive connections between the theory and practice of contracting) and disapproves of others (for example, the neglecting of certain â€Å"nuances† of contracting). The author believes that the impact of political power in terms of contracting has been underplayed in this study; there is a political agenda at plat behind the upsurge of the contracting business that has not been touched in the article. The authors of that article are more inclined towards taking contracting as a managerial service, and so they tend to eliminate the strong role of evolving political situations in contracting. DeHoog claims that the authors have managed to put forth a clear structured guide for contracting practitioners and students, yet they have failed to emphasize that this employment is neither a clear cut business, nor an easy one. Moreover, he says that his view has been shaped by the stinging questions that emerge due to the severe opportunist culture and corruption of the whole affair even in places where competent workers are hired. He says that these authors have failed to point out the extent of political impact on discussion making; their values are economy, a pro-business philosophy and an election-coalition building value. While balancing stakeholders, unaware managers might not even understand the hold of these pressures on their services, and perhaps those who know would conveniently